反对阐释:苏珊·桑塔格《在美国》中的文本实验

Against Interpretation:A Textual Experiment in Susan Sontag’s In America

《在美国》是苏珊·桑塔格创作完成的最后一部长篇小说,该小说自发表以来便因其独特的叙述方式和简练深刻的语言魅力吸引了大量的学者对其进行批评和阐释。许多批评家把小说视为桑塔格在晚期创作中向“内容”的回归,而忽视了其蕴含的形式美学探索与新感受力主张。本文系统梳理了桑塔格“反对阐释”的文艺理论,结合阐释学理论发展的最新成果和小说文本,从设置阐释障碍、走进历史真实、具身感受文本三个方面对桑氏的“反对阐释”理论和《在美国》进行综合考察。本文认为,“反对阐释”不是反对所有阐释,而是超脱庸常之阐释;“反对阐释”应当以文本为依托,尊重文本的诗学属性和社会历史属性;“反对阐释”不是为反对而反对,而是为了创造一种“新感受力”的文本实验。

In America is the last novel written by Susan Sontag.Since its publication,the novel has attracted much criticism and interpretation because of its unique narrative style and concise and profound writing style.Many critics regard the novel as Sontag’s return to the“content”in her late writings but ignore its large amount of formal aesthetic exploration and new sensibility.This paper systematically sorts out Sontag’s“against interpretation”literary theory,combined with the text,and comprehensively inspects Sontag’s literary theory and writing from three aspects:setting up interpretation barriers,entering historical reality,and embodying the text.I propose that being“against interpretation”is not against all interpretations,but mediocre interpretations;it should be based on the text, and respect the text’s attributes and social and historical attributes;it is not “opposition for the sake of opposition”, but to launch a new textual experiment towards a “new sensibility”.