卜凯农户调查数据的整理与利用

The Collation and Utilization of Peasant Household Survey Data by Buck

近代中国农村微观调查数据是农经史研究的珍贵资料。民国时期金陵大学农经系主任卜凯主持的“中国土地利用调查”极具代表性和影响力。本研究系统介绍该调查资料的抢救性整理过程,并解读数据的利用方向和潜在价值。已还原的卜凯农户调查数据涉及人口与劳动力、家畜、土地、肥料、作物产量及用途、借贷、特殊支出等22个方面,含有22省168地区16786个农场微观样本,能较为全面可靠地反映当时农村的生产和生活状况。卜凯微观及县级数据适用于地权分配、租佃关系、人口压力、家庭手工业、商品化、民间借贷、粮食价格、市场整合等近代中国农经史热点问题研究。卜凯数据的再利用将对经典农业经济理论提供新的证据或修正,也能够为中国式农业现代化总结历史经验和发展规律提供重要的数据支撑。

Data on modern Chinese rural areas is limited,making it an invaluable resource for researchers studying the history of modern agricultural economics.The“Land Utilization Survey in China,”conducted by J.B.Buck,the director of the Department of Agricultural Economics at Jinling University during the Republic of China era,was a highly representative and influential study.This paper provides a comprehensive introduction to the process of rescuing and preserving the survey data,as well as an interpretation of its utilization direction and potential value.The restored data from Buck's peasant household surveys covers 22 aspects,including population and labor force,livestock,land,fertilizer,crop yield and usage,borrowing and special expenses,and encompasses 16,786 farm-level microsamples from 168 regions across 22 provinces.This comprehensive and reliable data set offers a detailed reflection of rural production and living conditions of the time.The microdata and county-level information compiled by Buck are highly relevant to current hot topics in the history of modern Chinese agricultural economics,such as land ownership distribution,tenancy relations,population pressures,the cottage industry,commercialization,private lending,grain prices,and market integration.The reuse of Buck's data set can provide fresh evidence to challenge or confirm classical agricultural economics theories,and it allows for the summarization of historical experiences and the identification of developmental patterns that can inform China's ongoing agricultural modernization efforts.