“双减”政策下中小学作业育人的遮蔽与澄明--基于福柯规训理论的视角

Based on the Perspective of Foucault's Discipline Theory: The Shading and Clarity of Schoolwork Education in Primary and Secondary Schools Under the "Double Reduction" Policy

在“双减”背景下,有效发挥作业育人功能是纾解中小学生作业负担问题的重要突破口。作业育人的逻辑理路表现为基于学生真实的发展与成长,以培育五维一体的“完整的人”为目的,并形成一个“主动”闭环作为学生自觉发展的动力机制。基于福柯规训理论来深度透视学生过重的作业负担问题,发现学校的规训及规训教育遮蔽了作业的育人功能,使作业“育人”畸变为作业“造人”,具体表现为作业限制了时空与身体,加剧了训练和控制,形成了过度判断和竞争的导向,这将阻滞学生成长为“完整的人”。教师要想减轻中小学生的作业负担,必须要复归作业育人本质去重塑学生主体性,统筹作业育人过程去制衡过度理性化,紧扣作业育人目的去纠偏教育功利化,助推作业充分发挥实现学生全面和谐发展的育人功能。

In the context of the"double reduction",the effective utilization of the educational function of homework is an important breakthrough in alleviating the problem of homework burden on primary and secondary school students.The logic of the educational function of homework is based on the real development and growth of students,aiming to cultivate a five-dimensional"integrated human being",and ultimately forming a"proactive"closed loop as a dynamic mechanism for students'conscious development.Using Foucault's Discipline Theory to deeply analyze the problems of students'excessive homework burden,it is found that the school's regulation and training education have obscured the educational function of homework,which leads to the distortion of homework's purpose from"educating people"into"producing people".This distortion specifically expressed in the fact that homework restricts the time,space,and body,intensifies training and control,and is oriented towards excessive judgement and competition,thus preventing students from growing up to be an"integrated human beings".If teachers want to relieve the burden of homework on primary and secondary school students,they must return to the essence of the educational function of homework to reshape the subjectivity of students,coordinate the process of the educational function of homework to check and balance the excessive rationalization,grip the purpose of the educational function of homework to correct the utilitarianism of education,and promote the educational function of homework to give full play of realizing the comprehensive and harmonious development of students.