从历史到记忆:明清记忆之场中的冼夫人回忆形象建构

From History to Memory:The Construction of Madam Xian’s Erinnerungsfigur in Les Lieux de Mémoire of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

冼夫人是历经梁、陈、隋三朝而矢志不渝地勠力扶皇舆的岭南地方领袖,其史传叙事可溯回至唐臣魏徵主持纂修的《隋书·谯国夫人传》。明清时期是粤西南地域社会从文化认同上被真正整合进中国的重要历史阈限时段,而“冼夫人”作为一个沟通国家、精英与民众对话的文化象征符号,在彼时地方精英集体参与“修订”其回忆形象的文化实践中,具象化了王朝礼制与地方风俗之交互模塑过程。在这个以“礼”化“俗”、借“礼”阐“俗”的过程中,冼夫人渐次挣脱其在传统士大夫眼中的“蛮妃”刻板印象,儒化雅化为契合精英审美趣味与价值评判标准的“女师”,至道光戊申年粤西状元林召棠为儋州宁济庙作碑记之际,已是被置回地方感觉结构的“吾高州冼氏女”。

Madame Xian was a local leader in Lingnan who possessed great personal charisma.She had maintained her support for the central government through three consecutive dynasties,namely Liang,Chen,and Sui.Historical writings concerning her can be traced back to the Biography of Madame Qiao Guo in Sui Shu complied by the Tang minister Wei Zheng.The Ming and Qing dynasties were significant historical periods when the southwest of Guangdong was truly integrated into China by way of cultural identity.Through local elites'“revision”of this symbol in their cultural practices,“Madam Xian”,as a vital cultural symbol to connect the state,the elites,and the public,was believed to have concretized the interactive molding process of the dynastic etiquette and the local customs.In the procedure of transforming“customs”according to“etiquette”and appropriating“etiquette”to elucidate“customs”,Madam Xian gradually broke free from the stereotypical impression of being a“barbarian concubine”in the eyes of traditional literati and confucianized into a standardized“female teacher”that met the aesthetic taste and value evaluation principles of the elites.By the time Lin Zhaotang,the number one scholar in western Guangdong,wrote a monument for the Ningji Temple in Danzhou in 1848,she had already been placed back into the local sensory structure as“Daughter of Our Gaozhou Prefecture”.