环境民事公益诉讼中停止侵害责任适用研究

Research on the Application of Liability for Cessation of Infringement in Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation

环境民事公益诉讼的预防功能通过停止侵害判决实现。停止侵害判决应适用于未来行为。停止侵害责任的构成要件包括行为发生的可能性和行为损害社会公益。环境民事公益诉讼是执行法律义务的公法诉讼,停止侵害判决应以相应的行政法律规范为基础并考虑司法的特点。法院应当同时适当兼顾行政机关的思维,广泛收集与行为和后果有关的信息,使判决不受原告诉讼请求的束缚。对于行为已经实施的情形,法院可以站在行政机关的角度预先拟制一个行政决定,然后再结合司法的特点调适得出判决内容。对于行为尚未实施的情形,当行为已经获得准备阶段的行政许可时,法院应依照行政法律规范对该许可进行审查并作出以未来行动方案为内容的停止侵害判决。

The preventive function of environmental civil public interest litigation is achieved through the cessation of infringement judgments.The judgment of cessation of infringement is future-oriented.The elements of liability for cessation of infringement include the possibility of the act occurring and the act damaging the public interest.Since environmental civil public interest litigation is a public law litigation that enforces legal obligations,the judgment of cessation of infringement should be based on the corresponding administrative legal norms and take into account the characteristics of justice.The court shall take due account of the thinking of the administrative organ,and collect extensive information related to the act and its consequences,so that the judgment shall not be bound by the plaintiff's claims.In the case where the act has been carried out,the court may draft an administrative decision from the perspective of the administrative organ and then adapt it to the judicial characteristics to arrive at the content of the judgment.In the case where the act has not been carried out,the court should review the permit in accordance with the administrative law and deliver a judgment of cessation of infringement about the future course of action.