当事人自行委托鉴定的实证研究

An empirical study on party appointed expert’s forensic evaluation

为了维护自身合法权益,当事人在民事诉讼实践中经常自行委托鉴定。实证研究发现,针对当事人自行委托鉴定机构获得的鉴定意见,对方当事人的高异议率与法官的高采信率并存。高异议率源于民事诉讼规制弱化下,当事人自行委托获得的鉴定意见存在程序正义与实体真实的双重缺陷;高采信率源于司法行政管理缺失下,法官的效率逻辑以及推定鉴定意见可靠的预判原则。应当说,当事人自行委托鉴定具有现实合理性,但为了保证该类鉴定意见的可靠性,民事诉讼需要从证据、诉讼规制与行政管理层面进行双重完善。

In civil litigations,parties often appoint their own experts to make forensic evaluations in order to protect their legitimate rights and interests.This empirical study reveals that,when the forensic opinion is produced by a party appointed expert,a high rate of acceptance by the judge coexists with a high rate of objection by the opposing party.The high rate of acceptance may be attributed to the lack of judicial administrative management,judges'logic on efficiency,and the principle of presumptive reliability of the forensic opinions.This study concludes that it is reasonable and realistic for the parties to appoint forensic experts making forensic evaluations.However,in order to ensure the reliability of such forensic opinions,civil litigation needs to be improved by enhancing evidence rules,litigation regulations,and administrative management.