心主神、胃主神与脑主神学术关系初探

Discussion on Relationship between “Heart Governing Spirit” and “Stomach Governing Spirit”

神是中医基础理论中的重要概念,传统学术观点中有“心主神”及“脑主神”的长期探讨,随着微生物-肠-脑轴理论的兴起,“胃主神”思想被再次提及。从《黄帝内经》经典理论而论,心为神之所舍,主宰一身神之生理外应、病理变化及任物主高级心理认知活动且具有系统化中医理论支撑;脑主神思想受现代神经生理学观念影响并补充中医神学说;胃主神思想由来已久,胃与神的关系主要是胃通过其受纳腐熟水谷功能,影响脏腑精气血津液而实现,“胃主神明”实为胃影响神明状态,与心主神有一定的区别。心所主之神可认为是五脏主神的统称,亦可理解为脏腑主神的统称,囊括“脑主神”与“胃主神”思想。

Spirit is an important concept in the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine.In traditional academic disputes,there are different views of“the heart governing the spirit”,“the brain governing the spirit”and“the stomach governing the spirit”.The heart is the abode of the spirit,which is supported by systematic TCM theories and dominates the physical and pathological changes and high-level psychological cognitive activities.The mind of“the brain governing the spirit”is influenced by modern neurophysiological concepts,meanwhile,it gives supplements to the theories of spirit in traditional Chinese medicine.The mind of“the stomach governing the spirit”has a long history,and the relationship between the stomach and the spirit is mainly realized by the function of receiving decomposed water and grains and affecting the Zang-Fu organs,Qi,blood and body fluid.The theory of“the stomach governing the spirit”actually means that the stomach affects the state of the spirit,there is a certain difference with the heart governing the spirit.The“the heart governing the spirit”can be regarded as the general name of the five Zang-organs,and it can also be understood as the general name of the Zang-Fu organs,including the thoughts of“brain and stomach governing the spirit”.