肺炎支原体和肺炎衣原体在急性呼吸道感染患者中的流行病学研究

Epidemiological investigation of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae and Chlamydia Pneumoniae infection in patients with acute respiratory tract infection

目的调查本地区急性呼吸道感染患者肺炎支原体(MP)和肺炎衣原体(CP)的流行病学特征。方法对2021年2月至2023年8月厦门大学附属成功医院的4896例急性呼吸道感染患者进行回顾性研究,其中男2886例、女2010例,年龄1 d~102岁。分析患者血清MP免疫球蛋白M(MP-IgM)抗体和CP-IgM抗体检出情况,并对比MP和CP感染类型、人群及季节分布特征。统计学方法采用χ^(2)检验。结果2021年至2023年急性呼吸道感染患者中MP-IgM抗体和CP-IgM抗体阳性检出率为14.48%(709/4896),其中MP阳性率为12.58%(616/4896),CP阳性率为1.63%(80/4896),MP+CP阳性检出率为0.27%(13/4896),以单一MP感染为主。女性MP阳性率高于男性[17.31%(348/2010)比9.74%(281/2886)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=60.748,P<0.001);不同性别CP阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.360,P>0.05)。MP、CP在不同年龄段感染率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=237.938、55.070,均P<0.05),MP以0~14岁儿童为主要感染对象,CP以6~40岁为高发年龄。夏季总MP阳性率[15.30%(268/1752)]、总CP阳性率[2.40%(42/1752)]均高于其他季节;不同季节总MP阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.747,P<0.001),MP感染高发于夏秋季;而不同季节总CP阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.114,P=0.249)。结论MP、CP是急性呼吸道疾病的重要病原体,其中以MP感染为主,呈现季节、性别和年龄差异。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae(MP)and Chlamydia Pneumoniae(CP)infection in patients with acute respiratory tract infection in this area.Methods The results of serum MP and CP immunoglobulin M(IgM)antibodies in 4896 patients with acute respiratory tract infection who were 1 day to 102 years old and treated in Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from February 2021 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 2886 males and 2010 females.The results were analyzed by theχ^(2) test to compare the infection types,populations,and seasonal distribution characteristics of MP and CP.Results The positive rate of MP-IgM and CP-IgM antibodies in the patients with acute respiratory infection from 2021 to 2023 was 14.48%(709/4896);the positive rate of MP was 12.58%(616/4896);the positive rate of CP was 1.63%(80/4896);the positive rate of MP+CP was 0.27%(13/4896);MP infection was the main infection.The positive rate of MP in the females was higher than that in the males[17.31%(348/2010)vs.9.74%(281/2886)],with a statistical difference(χ^(2)=60.748,P<0.001).There was no statistical difference in the positive rate of CP between the females and the males(χ^(2)=0.360,P>0.05).There were statistical differences in the infection rates of MP and CP between the different age groups(χ^(2)=237.938 and 55.070,both P<0.05).MP mainly infected the 0~14 years old children,and CP the 6-40 years old.The total positive rates of MP[15.30%(268/1752)]and CP[2.40%(42/1752)]in summer were higher than those in other seasons.There was a statistical difference in the total positive rate of MP between different seasons(χ^(2)=16.747,P<0.001),with a high incidence in summer and autumn.There was no statistical difference in the total positive rate of CP between different seasons(χ^(2)=4.114,P=0.249).Conclusions MP and CP are important pathogens of acute respiratory diseases;among which,MP is the main infection,showing seasonal,gender,and age differences.