多发性骨髓瘤肾损伤的研究现状

Research status of renal damage in multiple myeloma

多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是一种克隆性浆细胞异常增殖性疾病,是血液系统常见的恶性肿瘤,主要表现为贫血、高钙血症、溶骨及肾损伤等,其中肾损伤是MM常见且严重的并发症。MM肾损伤的发生主要由免疫球蛋白轻链和/或重链沉积于肾脏导致,目前对MM肾脏病理类型研究较多,包括管型肾病、肾淀粉样变性、单克隆免疫球蛋白沉积症、慢性间质性肾炎及急性肾小管损伤等,其中管型肾病是最常见的肾脏病理类型。肾损伤是MM患者的早期死亡因素,减少游离轻链产生是肾损伤患者的主要治疗目标。本文就MM肾损伤现状进行综述,以期为临床医师判断病情及选择治疗方案提供参考。

Multiple myeloma(MM)is a kind of clonal plasma cell dysplasia,which is a common malignant tumor in the blood system,the main manifestations are anemia,hypercalcemia,osteolysis and renal injury,renal injury is a common and serious complication of MM.MM renal injury is mainly caused by immunoglobulin light chain and/or heavy chain deposition in the kidney,at present,there are many studies on the renal pathologi-cal types of MM,including tubular nephropathy,renal amyloidosis,monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition,chronic interstitial glomerulonephritis and acute renal tubular injury,among which tubular nephropathy is the most common renal pathological type.Renal injury is the early death factor of patients with MM.Reducing the production of free light chain is the main treatment goal of patients with renal injury.This article reviews the current situation of MM renal injury,in order to provide reference for clinicians to judge the condition and choose the treatment plan.