数字劳动的异化、去异化及非异化——社交媒体场域中的异化劳动刍议

Alienation,De-alienation and Non-alienation of Digital Labor:Discussion about Alienated Labor on Social Media

社交媒体场域中的数字劳动并未挣脱资本增殖的逻辑镣铐,但其表现出的休闲娱乐等特征仿佛宣告其中的劳动异化已经不复存在。根据马克思的异化劳动理论可以看出,社交媒体中的数字劳动具有异化与去异化的双重向度:异化向度表现为异化劳动理论的四重布展,包括劳动者与劳动活动相异化、劳动者与劳动产品相异化、劳动者与劳动工具相异化以及劳动者与劳动对象相异化;去异化向度体现出对异化劳动理论的消解,表现为劳动者需求的满足以及劳动过程中疏离感的减少。劳动二重性与劳动异化理论的内在逻辑勾连为解释社交媒体中数字劳动的去异化现象提供了一个理论路径,同时也蕴含着走向数字劳动非异化的可能。

The realm of digital labor within the domain of social media has not yet fully emancipated itself from the constraints of the logic of capital accumulation.Nevertheless,its distinctive characteristics,such as leisure and entertainment,appear to suggest that the alienation of labor within this sphere no longer exists.Drawing on Marx’s Theory of Alienated Labor,it can be observed that digital labor on social media manifests a dual dimension of alienation and de-alienation.The dimension of alienation can be elucidated through the four fundamental facets of the theory of alienated labor,which include the alienation of laborers from their labor activities,labor products,labor tools and labor objects.Conversely,the dimension of de-alienation signifies the unraveling of the theory of alienated labor,characterized by the fulfillment of laborers’inherent needs and a reduction in the sense of estrangement during the labor process.The intrinsic logical interconnection between the duality of labor and the theory of alienated labor serves as a theoretical framework for comprehending the phenomenon of de-alienation within digital labor on social media platforms.Embedded within this framework lies the potential for digital labor to evolve into a state of non-alienation.