莫迪治下印度气候政治叙事:一种“印度式现代化”的诠释

India’s Politicial Narrative on Climate Change under the Modi Administration:An Interpretation of the“Indian-style Modernization”

莫迪政府执政以来,通过一系列战略发展规划,使印度现代化驶入快车道。其间,《巴黎协定》诞生以来印度气候政治衍生出国际、国内两种截然不同的叙事:在国际层次,印度的气候外交更为积极灵活、国际气候合作双多边成就瞩目、对外气候援助增强;反观国内层次,能源发展状况与实现脱碳目标两难、大规模基础设施建设引发环境争议和生态失衡、农业现代化造成污染严重、政府对环保组织施压。综合来看,叙事根源在于:在长期执政的基本政治诉求下,追求“印度式现代化”,气候治理让位于“印度式现代化”短期经济目标,并借气候议题实现印度的“领导性强国”战略目标。印度作为正在崛起的新兴大国,如果不能调和“发展vs.治理”的矛盾,恐将难以应对全球气候变化危机,亦不利于“印度式现代化”之长远发展。

Since the Modi administration came to power,India has entered a fast track of modernization through implementing a series of strategic development plans.At the same time,since the birth of the Paris Agreement,India’s climate politics has derived two completely diff erent narratives:at the international level,India’s climate diplomacy has become more active and flexible,international climate cooperation has achieved remarkable bilateral and multilateral results,and foreign climate assistance has increased;at the domestic level,however,the dilemma persists between energy development and the realization of decarbonization,large-scale infrastructure construction has caused environmental disputes and ecological imbalance,agricultural modernization has produced serious pollution,and the government has put pressure on environmental organizations.Overall,the roots of diff erent narratives lie in the fact that in the pursuit of the“Indian-style modernization”under the basic political demand of long-term regime,climate governance has to give way to short-term economic goals of the“Indian-style modernization”,while climate issues are used for achieving India’s strategic goal of becoming a“leading power”.If India,as a rising emerging power,cannot reconcile the contradiction between development and governance,it may be diffi cult for it to cope with the global climate crisis and inconducive to the long-term development of the“Indian-style modernization”.