长期护理政策的国际经验与中国探索

International Experience in Long-term Care Policy and China's Exploration

随着老龄化程度加深和家庭功能弱化,完善长期护理政策是未来社保体制和养老服务体系优化的重要一环。本文分类总结了世界主要国家和地区长期护理政策的特征以及制度选择的可能成因,并基于我国目前长期护理政策发展情况以及我国目前大力推进长期护理保险发展的背景,提出未来完善长期护理保险的政策思考。本文认为,首先应当确立我国未来长期护理保险的底层逻辑和基础,明确政策目标、政策定位及运行模式,整体设计应与国家战略及未来趋势相协调;其次完善筹资、评估和待遇方案,推进制度衔接和资源优化配置,提升长护险运行效率;然后在公共服务均等化的基础上平衡区域和人群受益水平,促进长护险制度公平发展;最后完善长护险配套资源建设,实现长期护理保险持续稳步发展的目标。

As aging deepens and familial roles diminish,the enhancement of long-term care policies becomes pivotal for optimizing future social security and eldercare service systems.This paper systematically outlines the characteristics of long-term care policies in major countries and regions worldwide,explores the possible determinants of model selection,and provides policy insights for refi ning long-term care insurance.Grounded in the current development of long-term care policies in China and the nation's proactive efforts to promote such insurance,the paper advocates for several policy considerations.Firstly,it emphasizes the need to establish the underlying logic and foundation of China's future long-term care insurance,clarify policy objectives,positioning,and operational modes in alignment with national strategy and future trends.Secondly,it underscores the importance of improving financing,assessment,and benefit programs,promoting system connectivity,and optimizing resource allocation to enhance operational effi ciency.Thirdly,the paper calls for balancing benefi t levels across different regions and groups to promote fairness,building on the equalization of public services.Lastly,it emphasizes the improvement of supporting resources for long-term care insurance to achieve sustainable and steady development.