湖北郧阳乔家院墓地出土东周青铜器金属物料变迁研究

A Study on the Evolution of Metal Materials of Eastern Zhou Bronzes Unearthed from Qiaojiayuan Cemetery in Yunyang,Hubei

对湖北郧阳乔家院墓地30件青铜器进行铅同位素比值分析,初步明确鄂西北地区公元前6至前4世纪铅物料演替规律。中原地区三类铅资源演替次序在乔家院墓地皆有体现,M4:12浴缶焊料与M5:8鼎是两类中原来源铅料在江汉地区的最早实例。与此同时南方各类铅料也仍然行用,从而在豫南、鄂北地区形成与中原铅长期共存、不断消长的格局。在楚势力衰弱的春秋晚期,中原铅一度增多,进入战国后又有所减退。乔家院出土巴蜀式兵器的铅同位素比值与本地楚式器及成都平原同期青铜器皆能吻合,反映江汉平原与成都平原所用金属物料的一致性。

The lead isotope ratio analysis of 30 bronzes from Qiaojiayuan Cemetery in Yunyang has preliminarily clarified the succession rules of lead materials in northwest Hubei from the 6th to 4th centuries BC.The succession sequence of all three types of lead resources in the Central Plains region is reflected in the Qiaojiayuan Cemetery.The M4:12 Yufou solder and the M5:8 Ding tripod are the earliest examples in the Jjianghan region of two types of Central Plains lead sources.At the same time,various types of lead materials from the south were still in use,which proves the long-term coexistence and continuous growth and decline of Central Plains lead source in southern Henan and northern Hubei.In the late Spring and Autumn period when Chu State's power was weakened,lead from the Central Plains once increased,but then declined after entering the Warring States period.The lead isotope ratios of Ba and Shu style weapons unearthed from Qiaojiayuan are consistent with local Chu-style weapons and bronzes from the same period in the Chengdu Plain,reflecting the consistency of the metal materials used in the Jianghan Plain and the Chengdu Plain.