人事与理念:翁文灏、孔祥熙与农本局组织演变

Personnel Authority and Philosophies:Weng Wenhao,Kong Xiangxi and the Organizational History of the Agricultural Bureau

农本局最初为国民政府实业部下属从事农贷业务的金融机关,全面抗战期间,其职权被迫扩张,兼负购销粮棉、平抑粮棉价格之责,但因战时诸多因素制约,其问题迭出,因而先后接受两次改组。第一次改组,孔祥熙以农本局理事长身份介入,获得农本局的人事控制权,但与经济部部长翁文灏暗生嫌隙。第二次改组,孔祥熙借行政院副院长身份彻底将农本局改组为花纱布管制局,划归财政部管辖。两次改组背后,翁、孔之间的人事纠葛与理念分歧贯穿始终且互为表里。翁文灏通过机构改革实现物资管制的挫败,反向推动农本局走向孔祥熙所倡导的利用财政手段管制物资价格的路径。最终,农本局由经济部转投财政部,粮食、花纱布等行业亦相继开始征收实物税,并从自由市场转向全面统制。

The Agricultural Bureau was initially established as a financial institution specializing in agricultural loans under the Ministry of Business of the National Government.During the Anti-Japanese War,its mission expanded to grain and cotton trading as well as price stabilization.However,constrained by many elements,it underwent two reorganizations.In the first reorganization,as the director of the Agriculture Bureau,Kong Xiangxi obtained the personnel authority of the bureau,which led to a conflict between him and the Minister of Economic Affairs,Weng Wenhao.During the second reorganization,as vice president of the Executive Yuan,Kong Xiangxi helped reorganize the Agricultural Bureau into the Cotton Gauze Control Bureau and placed it under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance.Throughout these two reorganizations,personnel entanglements and ideological differences between Weng and Kong were intertwined and influenced one another.Because Weng Wenhao's idea of controlling materials by reforming the organization failed,he promoted Kong Xiangxi's idea of using financial means to control prices,which affected the reorganization of the Agricultural Bureau.Ultimately,the Agricultural Bureau was transferred from the Ministry of Economic Affairs to the Ministry of Finance.At the same time,the National Government began to impose taxes in kind on grain and gauze,and the market management of related industries shifted from free operation to strict control.