青岛地区学龄前儿童视觉屈光状况及影响因素研究

Investigation on visual refraction status and its influencing factors of preschoolers in Qingdao area

目的了解青岛地区学龄前儿童屈光状况及影响因素,为制定儿童视力不良的早期干预措施提供客观依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方式,抽取2020年7月至2021年6月青岛地区4~7岁儿童8517名,覆盖青岛市10个行政区市。使用手持式SureSight自动验光仪进行屈光状态检测。对学龄前儿童家长进行屈光异常相关因素问卷调查,对屈光异常的因素进行单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析。结果调查对象屈光异常检出率为13.22%,其中男童检出率为12.88%,女童检出率为13.58%,男女童检出率差异无统计学意义(^(χ2)=0.931,P=0.334);不同年龄组间屈光异常检出率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.626,P=0.731)。生活在农村地区、增加睡眠时间、限制甜食摄入、增加看电视的距离和家长注意孩子的用眼卫生是儿童屈光正常的保护因素(P<0.05);早产、每次用电子产品超半小时和习惯躺着看书/手机是屈光异常发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论学龄前儿童屈光不正检出率较高,建议结合屈光不正的影响因素采取针对性措施,以达到保护儿童视力的目的。

Objective To investigate the refraction and the relevant factors of preschool children in Qingdao,and to provide basis for the intervention of children with poor vision.Methods With stratified cluster sampling method,a total of 8517 children aged 4-7 years from July 2020 to June 2021,covering 10 administrative municipalities in Qingdao.Refractive status testing was performed using a handheld SureSight automated optometer.The questionnaires were filled out by parents of preschool children.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results The total detection rate of ametropia was 13.22%.The detection rate of ametropia was 12.88% in boys and 13.58% in girls.There was no significant difference between boys and girls(χ^(2)=0.931,P=0.334).There was no significant difference in the detection rate of refractive abnormality among different age groups(χ^(2)=0.626,P=0.731).Living in rural areas,increasing sleep time,limiting the intake of sweets,increasing the distance of watching TV and parents'attention to children's eye hygiene were protective factors for children's refraction.Age,premature birth,using electronic devices for more than half an hour at a time and lying down to read books/cell phones were the risk factors(P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of refractive error in preschool children is high,and it is recommended that targeted measures be taken to protect children's vision by combining the factors affecting refractive error.