谁选择了“二战”考研?——基于大学本科毕业生调查数据的实证分析

Who Chose to Take the Second Graduate Entrance Examination?——Empirical Analysis Based on Survey Data of Undergraduate Graduates

基于对2022年全国高校本科毕业生调查数据分析发现:与待就业学生群体相比,“二战”考研学生群体更有可能来自高选拔性大学、非人文社科类专业、经济条件较好家庭,而且自我教育期望和父母教育期望相对较高、人力资本相对较好;“二战”考研选择既是毕业生的“主动而为”,也是宏观社会经济形势、就业压力等外部因素作用下的“被迫应对”;人力资本是学生实现成功升学,避免“二战”考研的重要因素;明晰职业生涯规划会降低学生选择“二战”考研的概率。基于此,建议高校关注毕业生群体的异质性,开早开好职业生涯规划课程;高校毕业生通过积极的学习投入和社会实践,不断提高人力资本水平,为成功升学和就业打牢基础;政府应努力改善经济形势,缓解就业压力,做好这一群体再就业兜底帮扶工作。

This study analyzes the reasons why college graduates choose to take the second graduate entrance examination based on data from the 2022 national survey of undergraduate graduates.It was found that these students are more likely to come from high selective universities,non humanities and social science majors,and families with better economic conditions.Moreover,their self-education expectations and parental education expectations are relatively high,and their human capital is relatively good.The choice is not only the initiative of graduates,but also the forced response to external factors such as macroeconomic situation and employment pressure.Human capital is an important factor for students to avoid to take the second graduate exam ination.A clear career plan will reduce the probability of students choosing to take the second graduate entrance examination.Based on this,it is recommended that universities pay attention to the heterogeneity of the graduate population and offer early and effective career planning courses.College graduates continuously improve their human capital level through active learning investment and social practice.The government should strive to improve the economic situation and alleviate employment pressure.