迁移体的生物学功能

Biological Functions of Migrasome

迁移体是细胞迁移过程中产生的新型膜性细胞器。细胞迁移时,细胞尾端会产生收缩丝,随后在收缩丝末端或节点处会长出直径为0.5~3.0μm的囊泡结构,该囊泡结构即为迁移体。通过迁移体释放细胞内含物的过程被称为迁移性胞吐。迁移体内富含细胞因子等各类信号分子,存在受损线粒体,并可携带细胞内的蛋白质和核酸。迁移体在多种生命过程中发挥关键作用,可通过携带趋化因子定位至特定空间形成区域信号中心,进而调控胚胎器官形态发生;可携带mRNA等通过吞噬作用在不同细胞间进行物质传递;可吸纳受损线粒体将其排出到细胞外,进而维持细胞稳态。近十年来,研究者系统解析了迁移体在不同生物学过程中的功能,并开发和建立了一系列迁移体研究的工具和方法。该文总结了过去十年里研究者发现的迁移体在信号传递、细胞稳态维持和物质传输方面的功能研究进展,以及现有的迁移体研究工具和方法,为深入理解迁移体和进一步拓展迁移体相关研究提供了参考。

Migrasomes are novel organelles produced during cell migration.Migrasomes,which are vesicle structures with diameters of 0.5-3.0μm,grow at the end or the node of the retraction fibers as cells migrate.The process of releasing cellular contents through migrasome is termed as migracytosis.Migrasomes are enriched with signaling molecules and play vital roles in multiple biological processes,such as providing regional cues to regulate organ morphogenesis during gastrulation,transferring cellular materials to regulate surrounding cells,and disposing damaged mitochondria to maintain cellular homeostasis.In the past decade,researchers systematically explored the functions of migrasomes in various biological processes,and developed a series of tools and methods for migrasome study.This review summarizes the recent advances of migrasome functions in signal releasing,cellular homeostasis maintaining,and material transferring,as well as the methodology for migrasome study,which may provide insights for furtherly studying and understanding the potential functions of migrasomes.