基于质谱的蛋白组学技术在细胞器研究中的应用

Application of Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics in Organelle Research

细胞器是真核细胞内具有特定结构及生物学功能的区室。系统、深度解析蛋白质在不同细胞器中的丰度、空间分布、互作和运输等,对于理解细胞器的功能和疾病的机制至关重要。基于质谱的蛋白组学方法已经广泛用于鉴定和定量各种复杂的蛋白质系统,同样大量应用在细胞器的研究中。基于质谱的蛋白组学技术与细胞器的物理分离方法、邻位标记的细胞器蛋白富集方法、邻位标记的细胞器互作位点鉴定,以及多重时空的邻位标记等方法联用,这种组学技术在细胞器蛋白图谱绘制、物质转运、翻译后修饰和疾病机制研究等方面取得了重大突破。细胞器研究对于蛋白质谱技术的需求与日俱增,痕量样本的蛋白质谱技术等未来将在细胞器疾病图谱的绘制和细胞器在疾病中的功能解析等方面显示出巨大的应用潜力。

Organelles are specialized compartments within eukaryotic cells with distinct structures and biological functions.In-depth analysis of protein abundance,protein spatial distributions,interactions,and transportations in different organelles is crucial for understanding organelle functions and disease mechanisms.Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has been extensively utilized for identification and quantification of various complexed biological samples,and hence,is widely applied in organelle research.Mass spectrometry-based proteomics,accompanied by centrifugation or proximity labeling,has played a central role in advancing our understanding of organelle proteomes,inter-organelle transportations,post-translational modifications,and the mechanisms underlying various diseases.The demand for proteomic technologies in organelle research is growing,and the proteomics of trace samples will potentially have a tremendous application in mapping disease-related organelle proteome and deciphering the functions of organelles in diseases in the future.