动纤毛轴丝的分子组装

Molecular Assembly of Motile Cilia

纤毛/鞭毛是从细胞膜表面突出的真核细胞器,它能调节细胞运动及细胞周围液体流动,或者参与机体的感知功能,其异常会引发多种人类纤毛病。作为最早被发现的细胞器之一,纤毛一直是细胞生物学领域的重点研究对象,但是因结构大且复杂,其分子组装机制的揭示长期以来一直是个难题。近些年,随着冷冻电镜技术的发展,多个课题组先后报道了从衣藻到哺乳动物精子鞭毛的轴丝各部分高分辨率结构。该文综述了动纤毛的结构组成和最新的分子组装研究进展,重点描述了轴丝各个组成部分包括双联微管(DMT)、内外动力臂(IDA和ODA)、辐条结构(RS)、中央微管对(CP)和连接复合物(N-DRC)的蛋白组成和分布,为深入理解纤毛的组装过程和功能调节提供了科学依据。

Cilia or flagella are kinds of eukaryotic organelle that protrude from the cell surface,which function in regulation of cell motility and the flow of fluid around cells,or sensation of body.The dysfunction of cilia leads to human ciliopathy.As one of the organelles that found at the earliest,cilia have been being the key point in the study of cell biology.However,during to the large and complexity in structure,the revealing of cilia assembly has been quite difficult.Recently,as the development of cryo-electronic microscopy,the high resolution structures of axoneme components from Chlammydomonas cilia to mammalian sperm flagella have reported by several groups.In this review,the advances of cilia structure and molecular assembly are described,focusing on the assembly mechanism of components that made up cilia axoneme including DMT(doublet microtubule),IDA(inner dynein arm), ODA (outer dynein arm), RS (radial spoke), CP (central pair) and N-DRC (nexin-dynein regulatorycomplex). This review will provide basis for further understanding of ciliogenesis and functional regulation of cilia.