中国绝对专制主义的经典——韩非政治思想再释评

A Classic of Chinese Absolute Monarchism-Reinterpretation of Han Fei’s Political Thought

在先秦诸子中,韩非拥有最为完备的政治思想体系。韩非关于道、德、理的观点,是其全部政治思想的哲学基础,由此发展起了关于君臣之道和治国之术的整个政治理论体系。韩非政治学说的本质特征是绝对君主专制主义。韩非从理论上系统地总结了春秋战国时期各国君主专制政权的兴亡更替经验,形成了中国政治学说史上最为完备的专制主义政治理论。韩非也是中国政治思想史上,甚至是世界政治思想史上最早的国家主义倡导者。他先于马基雅维利1,700多年,在一定程度上区分了国家与君主,并视国家利益为公共利益。在现代民主政治的条件下,对待韩非及其《韩非子》,应当坚决抛弃其君主专制的消极内容,努力弘扬其依法治国的积极内容。

Among all pre-Qin philosophers,Han Fei had established the most complete political and ideological system.Han Fei’s views on Tao,morality,and reason are the philosophical foundation of all his political thoughts,and from this he developed an entire political theory on the ways of monarchs and his subjects and the art of governing the country.The essential feature of Han Fei’s political theory is absolute monarchy.Han Fei theoretically and systematically summarized the experience of the rise and fall of monarchical autocratic regimes in various countries during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,forming the most complete political theory of absolutism in the history of Chinese politics.Han Feizi has almost become an encyclopedia of personal autocracy.Han Fei was also the earliest advocate of statism in the history of Chinese political thought,and even in the history of world political thought.He preceded Machiavelli by more than 1,700 years,distinguished the state from the monarch to a certain extent,and regarded state interests as public interests.Under the conditions of modern democratic politics,Han Fei and his classic Han Feizi should be treated just like Machiavelli and his The Prince,resolutely abandoning the negative content of monarchism and striving to promote the positive content of governing the country according to law.