摘要
我国网络犯罪的刑事立法伴随着Web1.0-Web3.0的时代变迁不断发展,但数据犯罪的刑法规范还有待完善。当前的理论研究大致形成了“数据安全多重法益论”“数据安全实定法益论”“数据风险规制论”“数据状态安全法益论”等立场。然而,前三种立场存在“模糊了数据保护与信息保护的区别”“无法合理安置数据安全犯罪的立法定位”“无法把握数字经济保护的重点”等问题。可取的做法是继续坚持保护“数据状态安全法益”这一真正的集体法益。在此基础上,在经济犯罪中增设以抽象危险犯与情节犯为核心立法技术的“破坏数据状态安全罪”。通过这种前置性轻罪立法的增设,既能保障对数字经济市场中数据安全的预防性保护,又能避免司法实践将部分法益侵害程度不高的行为认定为重罪。
With the changes of Web 1.0-Web 3.0,the criminal legislation of cybercrime in China is constantly adjusting,but the criminal law norms of data crimes need to be improved.Current theoretical research has roughly formed the'multiple legal interests of data security',legal interests of data security realization','data risk regulation',legal interests of data state security',and other positions.However,the previous three positions have problems such as'blurring the difference between data protection and information protection','unable to reasonably place the legislative positioning of data security crimes',and'unable to grasp the key points of digital economic protection'It is advisable to continue to insist on protecting the legal interest of data state security which is the real collective legal interest,and on this basis,add the'crime of damaging data state security',which takes abstract dangerous crime and circumstance crime as the core legislative technology,to economic crime.Through the addition of this kind of pre-emptive misdemeanor legislation,it can not only guarantee the preventive protection of data security in the digital economy market but also avoid the judicial practice of identifying some of the actions with a low degree of legal interest infringement as felonies.
作者
秦长森
Qin Changsen(the Cybersecurity and Rule of Law Research Center of Southeast University)
基金
a phased result of the Major Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Universities in Jiangsu Province,entitled Research on Criminal Law Regulation of Data Transaction Security from the Perspective of Market-Oriented Allocation of Factors(NO.2022SJZD001)。
