不同防寒措施对盐源县花椒幼苗抗寒性的影响

Effects of Different Cold Prevention Measures on Cold Resistance of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Seedlings in Yanyuan County

[目的]观测盐源县泸沽湖镇不同试验区新栽花椒幼苗在不同防寒措施下抗寒性和越冬情况。[方法]在不同种植试验区随机设置样地,观测抗寒药剂对新梢生长量的影响、试验区冻害发生情况及不同防寒措施对幼苗抗寒性差异。[结果]施用处理A和B后,花椒幼苗的新梢生长量有所降低、木质化程度有所提高,但生长量差异不显著;除海门村外,中村等4个试验区冻害情况较重,冻害率为100%,冻害指数为0.68~0.94,存在越冬困难的现象;在早霜危害试验区,各试验组的花椒幼苗冻害率均为100%,冻死率为36%~72%,采用不同防寒措施可降低冻害指数。[结论]提前喷施防寒药剂对降低花椒冻死率有积极作用,但对幼苗地上部分的保护作用不足,通过覆盖物开展防寒保护,抗寒效果低于喷施防寒药剂,在盐源县具有早霜危害的种植区,花椒幼苗冻害程度较重,冻死率较高。

[Objective]The aim was to observe the cold resistance and overwintering conditions of newly planted Zanthoxylum bungeanum seedlings in different experimental areas of Luguhu town,Yanyuan county.[Method]Plots were randomly set up in different planting test areas to observe the effect of cold-resistant chemicals on the growth of new slight,the occurrence of freezing damage in different test areas,and the difference of cold resistance of seedlings under different cold-resistant measures.[Result]The results showed that after application of set A and B,the new slight growth of Z.bungeanum seedlings decreased and the lignification degree increased,but the difference of growth was not significant.Except Haimen village,the freezing damage in four experimental areas including Zhongcun was serious,the freezing damage rate was 100%,the freezing damage index was 0.68-0.94.In the early frost damage test area,the freezing damage rate of prickly ash seedlings in all experimental groups was 100%,and the freezing rate was 36%-72%.The freezing damage index could be reduced by different cold prevention measures.[Conclusion]Early application of cold protection agents had a positive effect on reducing the freezing rate of Z.bungeanum,but the protective effect on the aboveground part of seedlings was limited.The effect of cold protection by covering was lower than that by spraying cold protection agents.In the planting area with early frost hazard in Yanyuan county,the degree of frost damage of Zanthoxylum seedlings was serious,and the rate of freezing was high.