蔡元培《释仇满》校勘记——兼及蔡元培的革命思想

A Collation of Cai Yuanpei's"On the Hatred of Manchus"A Concurrent Discussion on Cai Yuanpei's Revolutionary Thought

《释仇满》一文原刊于《苏报》,与邹容的《革命军》、章太炎的《序革命军》及《驳康有为论革命书》等共同表征着晚清的排满革命思潮,但对于此文作者的认定尚存争议。重新回到历史语境,对相关说法加以考辨,可以确定此文作者为蔡元培。以《苏报》版《释仇满》为底本,可对此文后出三个重要版本的错误进行校勘。通过细读此文,可从内部厘清蔡元培的革命思想,进一步将之与章太炎同时期的革命言说乃至改良派反对革命的言说进行比照,则可以明确蔡元培革命思想的特殊性。

"On the Hatred of Manchus",originally published in"Subao",together with Zou Rong's"Revolutionary Army",Zhang Taiyan's"The Preface of Revolutionary Army"and"A Letter Refuting Kang Youwei's Essay on Revolution",repre-sented the revolutionary trend of late Qing Dynasty.However,the identification of the author of this article is still controversial.This paper goes back to the historical context,combines with the relevant argument,makes an examination and analysis of the author of the article,and makes it clear that the author of the article is Cai Yuanpei.Based on the"Subao"edition of"On the Hatred of Manchus",errors of the later three important editions can be corrected.A close reading of the article can clarify Cai Yuanpei's revolutionary thought from inside,and comparing it with Zhang Taiyan's arguments of revolution in the same period will contribute to the understanding of the particularity of Cai Yuanpei's revolutionary thought.