降低化肥用量、配施微生物菌肥对设施黄瓜生长、品质及产量的影响

Effects of reducing chemical fertilizer usage and implementing microbial fertilizer application on growth,quality and yield of cucumber

为了降低设施栽培黄瓜中化肥的施用量,探讨微生物菌肥对黄瓜的施用效果,以黄瓜品种亮神P338为试验对象,在设施内连续开展2年试验,研究了按不同比例降低化肥用量并配施不同比例微生物菌肥对植株生长、品质和产量的影响。结果表明,适当比例降低化肥用量、配施微生物菌肥能够促进植株生长,提升黄瓜营养品质,加深黄瓜表皮颜色,改善黄瓜口感,提高商品率,并降低硝酸盐含量。与当地对照(习惯施用复合肥量)相比,化肥用量降低60%、配施60%高微生物菌肥处理表现最佳,产量为7236.15 kg·667 m^(-2),增产率为14.19%,净收益增加14.80%。在试验条件下,化肥用量40 kg·667 m^(-2),同时配施微生物菌肥72 kg·667 m^(-2)作为基肥施用为设施黄瓜高效生产的最佳施肥方案。

In order to reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizer in facility cultivated cucumber,to explore the application effect of microbial fertilizer on cucumber.Cucumber variety Liangshen P338 was used as the test materials,and the experiment was carried out in the facility for 2 years to study the effects of different proportions of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and applying different proportions of microbial fertilizer on plant growth,quality and yield.The results showed that reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and applying microbial fertilizer could promote the growth of cucumber,improve the nutritional quality of cucumber,deepen the skin color of cucumber,improve the taste of cucumber,increase the commodity rate and reduce the content of nitrate.Compared with the local control,the amount of fertilizer was reduced by 60%,and the treatment with 60% high microbial bacteria resulted in a yield of 7236.15 kg·667 m^(-2),increase of 899.10 kg·667 m^(-2),yield increase of 14.19%,and net income increase of 14.80%.Under the experimental conditions,,the application of 40 kg·667 m^(-2) fertilizer and 72 kg·667 m^(-2) microbial fertilizer as the base fertilizer is the best fertilization scheme for the efficient production of cucumber in facilities.