正/反预期触发语的比较研究——以合理性“按说”和常规性“一般说(来)”为例

A comparative study of expectation/anti-expectation triggers:Rational anshuo and conventional yibanshuolai as examples

“正/反预期标记”和“正/反预期触发语”都是表征预期性的语词,但二者有着重要区别。本文认为“一般说(来)”是正预期触发语,偶尔有反预期的情况;“按说”是反预期触发语,偶尔有正预期的情况。接着对比考察了二者的语篇配置,以找出“正/反预期触发语”的异同。“按说”主要用于回溯,偶尔用于断言;“一般说(来)”则基本用于断言。“按说”和“一般说(来)”分别是“常理预期”下合理性和常规性的代表,二者的语用差异源于对合理性与常规性的认知差异。

Both“expectation/anti-expectation markers”and“expectation/anti-expectation triggers”are terms that characterize predictability,but there are important differences between them.This paper argues that yibanshuolai(一般说来)is an expectation trigger with occasional counter-expectation examples,while anshuo(按说)is an anti-expectation trigger with occasional expectation examples.Then,a comparative study is made of their discourse configurations to find out the similarities and differences between expectation and anti-expectation triggers.Anshuo is mainly used for backtracking and occasionally for assertion;yibanshuolai is basically used for assertion.The pragmatic differences between the two are derived from the cognitive differences between rationality and conventionality.