尿石症患者尿道真菌感染的病原菌特征、易感因素调查及预防措施分析

Pathogen Characteristics,Susceptible Factors and Preventive Measures of Urethral Fungal Infection in Patients with Urolithiasis

目的探讨尿石症患者尿道真菌感染的病原菌特征、易感因素及预防措施。方法回顾性分析248例我院收治的尿石症患者的临床资料,根据所选患者是否发生尿道真菌感染将其分为感染组(28例)和未感染组(220例)。分析尿石症患者尿道真菌感染的病原菌特征及单因素,并予以多因素Logistic回归分析尿石症患者尿道真菌感染的危险因素。结果28例尿石症尿道真菌感染患者中热带假丝酵母菌占35.71%,光滑假丝酵母菌占32.14%,白假丝酵母菌占25.00%,其他真菌占7.14%。感染组与未感染组年龄、是否合并糖尿病、是否伴有低蛋白血症、有无尿路梗阻、有无肾积水、是否为鹿角形结石比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁、合并糖尿病、伴有低蛋白血症、有尿路梗阻、有肾积水、鹿角形结石是尿石症患者发生尿道真菌感染的独立危险因素(OR=2.751、2.656、2.540、3.108、2.179、2.452,P<0.05)。结论尿石症患者尿道真菌感染以热带假丝酵母菌感染为主,且感染的危险因素包括年龄≥60岁、合并糖尿病、伴有低蛋白血症、有尿路梗阻、有肾积水、鹿角形结石,临床可据此给予患者针对性预防措施,以避免其发生尿道真菌感染。

Objective To investigate the pathogen characteristics,susceptible factors and preventive measures of urethral fungal infection in patients with urolithiasis.Methods The clinical data of 248 patients with urolithiasis admitted to our hospital from October 2019 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Based on whether the selected patients had urethral fungal infections,they were divided into an infection group(28 cases)and a non-infection group(220 cases).The pathogen characteristics and single factor of urethral fungal infection in patients with urolithiasis were analyzed,and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for urethral fungal infections in urolithiasis patients.Results Among the 28 urolithiasis patients with urethral fungal infections,tropical pseudohyphae accounted for 35.71%,smooth pseudohyphae for 32.14%,white pseudohyphae for 25.00%,and other fungi for 7.14%.There were significant differences in age,diabetes,hypoproteinemia,urinary tract obstruction,hydronephrosis,staghorn calculi between the infection group and the non-infection group(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥60 years,diabetes,hypoproteinemia,urinaryobstruction,hydronephrosis,staghorn stone were independent risk factors for urinary fungal infection in patients with urolithiasis(OR=2.751,2.656,2.540,3.108,2.179,2.452,P<0.05).Conclusion In urolithiasis patients,urethral fungal infections are mainly caused by tropical pseudohyphae.Risk factors of infection include age≥60 years,diabetes,hypoproteinemia,urinary tract obstruction,hydronephrosis,and staghorn stones.Clinically,targeted preventive measures can be taken based on these findings to avoid urethral fungal infections.