大食物观下我国食物供求均衡的挑战与对策

Challenges and Countermeasures of Food Supply-Demand Balance in China Under the Greater Food Approach

过去几十年,我国食物供求关系发生了重大改变,粮食安全观念也逐步从传统的注重口粮安全过渡到注重数量、营养和可持续发展等多目标的大食物安全观。在大食物观下,未来我国食物供求均衡面临诸多挑战,包括:食物结构性短缺、食物自给率下降;食物供求空间错位,食物消费在不同人群之间差异明显;生态和水土资源制约不断加强,可持续生产能力亟需提高;膳食结构不合理,营养不良、营养过剩以及微量营养素缺乏问题并存;现有政策体系不适应大食物观的需要等。为应对以上挑战,需要全方位利用国土资源、多渠道开发食物来源,改革政府补贴支持政策,引导多元食物产业发展。同时要加强食育教育和宣传,推动建立健康导向型的多元膳食模式;政府要建立跨部门的协调机制,加强多元化食物供给统计与评估。

Over the past few decades,significant changes have occurred in the relationship between food supply and demand in China and the concept of food security has gradually shifted from the tradi-tional emphasis on grain security to a multi-target approach focusing on quantity,nutrition and sustain-able development,known as the Greater Food Approach.Under this approach,China will face many chal-lenges in balancing food supply and demand in the future,including structural food shortages and declin-ing food self-sufficiency;spatial mismatch between food supply and demand,and significant differences in food consumption among different groups of people;increasing constraints on ecological and water re-sources,and the urgent need to enhance sustainable production capacity.Additionally,there are issues re-lated to unbalanced dietary patterns and the coexistence of malnutrition,excessive nutrition,and deficien-cies in micronutrients.Furthermore,the existing policy systems does not fully meet the requirements of the Greater Food Approach.To address the above challenges,it is necessary to comprehensively utilize national resources,increase food sources through multiple channels,reform government subsidy and sup-port policies,and promote the development of the diversified food industry.Simultaneously,efforts are re-quired to strengthen food education and publicity and to promote the establishment of a health-oriented di-versified dietary pattern.The government should establish a cross-sectoral coordination mechanisms and strengthen the statistics and evaluation of diversified food supply.