超大城市社区应对重大突发公共危机的韧性治理及其策略

Resilient Governance and Strategies of Megacity Community in Response to Major Sudden Public Crises

与普通城市相比,超大城市公共安全风险高,灾害事故成因复杂,源头防控工作难,基层保障能力薄弱。一旦出现重大突发危机,城市社区作为危机应对的“最后一道防线”至关重要。而且,社区作为超大城市应急管理的基本单元,处在突发危机应对和防灾救灾的前沿阵地,是筑牢基础,抵御各类危机危害的“最先一公里”。本研究对韧性治理框架下的社区韧性特征分析,从社区治理体系的适应性提升,治理功能的重构以及应急管理模式的转换等三个方面,描述社区应对重大突发危机的韧性,构建社区应对重大突发危机的结构韧性、功能韧性和行动韧性等能力,并提出韧性治理的主要策略,包括加强主体协同,强化社会动员;促进资源整合,建立韧性网络,增强基层社区的自我组织、自我服务、自我调适、自我恢复的能力。通过完善韧性治理体系,提升社区韧性能力,将危机减缓做到前端,落在基层,防范各类重大安全风险,实现超大城市社区应对重大突发危机的韧性治理。

Compared to ordinary cities,megacities face higher public safety risks,complex causes of disasters,challenges in source prevention and control,and weak grassroots safeguard capabilities.Once a major crisis occurs,urban communities,as the"last line of defense"in crisis response,become crucial.Moreover,as the basic unit of emergency management in megacities,communities are on the front line of responding to emergencies and disaster prevention and relief,serving as the"first mile"to fortify foundations and resist various crisis threats.This research analyzes the characteristics of community resilience under the framework of resilient governance,describes the resilience of communities in responding to major crises by enhancing the adaptability of the community governance system,restructuring governance functions,and transforming emergency management modes,and constructs the capabilities of communities in responding to major crises,including structural resilience,functional resilience,and operational resilience.It proposes key strategies for resilient governance,such as strengthening collaborative efforts among stakeholders,enhancing social mobilization,promoting resource integration,establishing resilient networks,and reinforcing the self-organization,self-service,self-adjustment,and self-recovery capabilities of grassroots communities.By improving the resilient governance system and enhancing community resilience capabilities,the goal is to mitigate crises at the forefront,at the grassroots level,preventing various major safety risks and achieving resilient governance in responding to major crises in megacities.