莫言小说的家庭伦理书写研究

A Study of Family and Ethical Writing in Mo Yan’s Novels

家庭一直是文学叙事的重要母题。自莫言获奖以来,学界对莫言的研究比较丰富,但对莫言作品家庭伦理书写的研究鲜少。莫言小说中的伦理失范或家庭伦理错位现象比较突出,并呈现为一种非道德化倾向。而且,莫言小说的家庭叙事及伦理书写一直潜隐地发生着变化,从初期的“弃家”到后来的“顾家”“筑家”,莫言作品中的家庭结构趋于复杂,角色逐渐回归传统。伦理书写日渐规整的背后折射了莫言从文化焦虑到文化自信,从挑衅民族伦理到逐渐认同的心路历程。这种迁徙转变也意味着莫言找到了更好的家庭书写方式,对民族文化与道德、传统与现实等命题实现了更深入的思考。

Family has always been an important motif in literary narration.Since Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature,there have been a lot of researches on Mo Yan,but little of which is about his family ethical writing.In our impression,the phenomenon of ethical anomie and family ethical dislocation in Mo Yan’s novels is very common,and presents a kind of non-moral tendency.In fact,the family and ethical writing of Mo Yan’s novels have been changing implicitly.From“abandoning the family”in the early stage to“caring for the family”and“building the family”in the later stage,the family structure in Mo Yan’s works tends to be complex and the characters gradually return to the tradition.The increasingly regular ethical writing reflects Mo Yan’s psychological process from cultural anxiety to cultural confidence,from provocation of national ethics to gradual identification.This transition also means that Mo Yan has found a better way to write family stories,and has thought in depth on the topics of national culture and morality,tradition and reality.