炸药爆炸作用对煤基固废中煤矸石的破碎研究

Study on crushing of gangue in coal-based solid waste by blasting of explosive

为了满足快速破碎煤基固废中大量大颗粒煤矸石的要求,利用炸药爆炸破碎方式,设计了敞口与近似密闭条件下的破碎装置,从理论与实验方面分别进行了炸药爆炸作用对煤基固废中煤矸石的破碎研究。结果表明,采用炸药爆炸产生的冲击波对煤基固废中大颗粒煤矸石进行破碎时,由于冲击波反射破坏作用,煤矸石的破碎过程起始于外部层裂或崩落。此外,与敞口体系相比,近似密闭条件可有效提升煤矸石的破碎效果。若进一步扩大破碎装置中的煤矸石装填量,增加破碎所需的爆破药剂用量,有望大幅提升煤矸石的快速破碎能力。

In order to meet the requirements of rapid crushing of large amount particles of coal gangue in coal-based solid waste,the crushing device under open and nearly closed conditions were designed by using the crushing method of blasting of explosive.The crushing of coal gangue in coal-based solid waste by blasting of explosive was studied theoretically and experimentally.The results show that when the shock wave generated by the explosion of explosives is used to crush the large particle coal gangue in the coal-based solid waste,the crushing process of coal gangue starts from external spallation or collapse due to the reflection of the shock wave.In addition,compared with the open system,the near-closed condition can effectively improve the crushing effect of coal gangue.If the loading capacity of coal gangue in the crushing device is further expanded and the amount of blasting agent required for crushing is increased,the rapid crushing capacity of coal gangue is expected to be greatly improved.