黔东低山丘陵区油茶主要栽培品种配置研究

Collocating Main Cultivated Varieties of Camellia oleifera in Hilly Areas of Eastern Guizhou

为了给油茶的科学配置提供参考依据,研究了10个黔东地区油茶主栽品种的花粉量、杂交座果率及种实性状,并对不同配置组合进行了综合评价。结果显示:(1)花粉量最大的是‘黔玉2号’,最小的是‘湘林210号’,本地品种‘黔玉’系列、‘黔碧’系列的花粉量明显大于‘长林’系列等外地引进良种;(2)88个配置组合中有68个组合可育,座果率在60%以上的配置组合有19个,其中16个是不同系列的品种组合;(3)杂交座果率与单果质量、籽粒数、籽粒重呈极显著正相关,鲜出籽率与果形指数和果皮厚呈极显著负相关;(4)以‘长林53号’为母本,贵州本地品种‘黔玉’系列、‘黔碧’系列为父本的配置组合表现最好。

Camellia oleifera is one of the most important oil tree species in southern China.In this study,a systematic investigation was carried out to collocate the pollen amount,hybrid fruit setting rate and seed traits of Camellia oleifera.10 varieties of Camellia oleifera were taken from the eastern Guizhou Province of China.Different allocations were also evaluated to determine the optimal combination.The results showed that:(1)Qianyu No.2 presented the largest pollen amount,and Xianglin No.210 was the smallest.The pollen amount in the local varieties Qianyu and Qianbi was significantly higher than that of introduced certified varieties,such as Changlin ones;(2)68 of the 88 combinations were represented by the fertile.Furthermore,there were 19 combinations with the fruit setting rate of more than 60%,of which 16 were composed of different varieties.(3)The hybrid fruit setting rate was significantly positively correlated with the single fruit weight,seed number and seed weigh.The fresh seed rate was significantly negatively correlated with the fruit shape index and pericarp thickness;(4)Compared with Changlin 53,Guizhou local Qianyu and Qianbi varieties performed best as parent sample.The finding can also provide a strong reference to accurately allocate Camellia oleifera.