靶盏预处理技术在双镜联合治疗完全型鹿角形结石中的应用价值

Application Value of Target Calyx Pretreatment Technique for Treating Complete Staghorn Calculi by Endoscopic Combined Intrarenal Surgery

目的探讨采用输尿管软镜靶盏预处理技术行一期输尿管软镜联合经皮肾镜钬激光碎石治疗完全型鹿角形结石的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2019年10月~2021年9月采用输尿管软镜联合经皮肾镜手术治疗21例完全型鹿角形结石的临床资料,结石位于左侧8例,右侧12例,双侧结石一期处理右肾结石1例。结石密度(1101±185)HU。手术采用双人双镜操作,全身麻醉,斜仰卧截石位,结合术前影像学检查设计肾穿刺靶盏,输尿管软镜将靶盏内结石击碎,暴露乳头穹隆位置,经皮对靶盏穹隆精准穿刺扩张,直视下建立F_(18)或F_(20)经皮肾通道,双镜联合完成手术。结果本组21例手术均一期顺利完成,手术时间85~158(121.8±21.2)min,术后血红蛋白降低值(9.38±4.36)g/L,术后住院时间3~7(4.4±1.4)d,一期结石清除率85.7%(18/21)。并发症6例,包括术中出血需输血1例,发热3例,胸腔积液1例,术后术区疼痛需要镇痛治疗1例。结论对于完全型鹿角形结石,利用输尿管软镜将靶盏结石预处理后再穿刺建立经皮肾工作通道,手术成功率及一期结石清除率高,经皮肾通道数量少,提高手术安全性。

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of target calyx pretreatment technique in the treatment of complete staghorn calculi by endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery(ECIRS).Methods Clinical data of 21 patients with complete staghorn calculus treated by ECIRS from October 2019 to September 2021 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 8 cases in the left side and 12 cases in the right side.One case of bilateral kidney calculus was given right side treatment in the first stage.The stone density was(1101±185)HU.The operation was performed by two surgeons.Under general anesthesia,the patient was placed in an oblique supine lithotomy position.The target calyx was designed according to preoperative imaging examination.The stone in the target calyx was broken up by flexible ureteroscope in advance to expose the papillary dome.Percutanous nephrostomy of the target calyx was performed,and F_(18)or F_(20)percutaneous work access was established under surveillance by using flexible ureteoscope and ultrasound.Results The operation was successfully accomplished in one stage in all the 21 cases.The mean operation time was(121.8±21.2)min,the postoperative hemoglobin reduction was(9.38±4.36)g/L,the postoperative hospital stay was(4.4±1.4)d,and the postoperative stone free rate(SFR)was 85.7%(18/21).A total of 6 patients had postoperative complications,including 1 case of bleeding requiring blood transfusion,3 cases of fever,1 case of hydrothorax,and 1 case of postoperative pain in the operative area requiring analgesic treatment.Conclusion For complete staghorn calculus,using flexible ureteroscope to pretreat stones of target calices and then puncturing to establish percutaneous renal working channel can significantly increase the success rate of surgery and the immediate postoperative stone free rate,reduce the number of percutaneous renal channels,and improve the safety of surgery.