蛋白质磷酸化修饰及其在细胞周期调控中的作用研究进展

Protein phosphorylation and regulation of cell cycle progression

细胞周期是真核生物实现细胞分裂与增殖、从母代向子代传递遗传信息的连续过程.真核细胞通过蛋白质水平的周期性调控完成细胞的分裂与增殖,细胞周期的紊乱常与肿瘤等疾病密切相关.蛋白质磷酸化修饰是细胞周期进程中一种主要的调控方式,可以改变蛋白质的分子结构,影响其与其他分子间的相互作用,从而调节相关分子的生物学活性及功能.细胞周期相关蛋白的磷酸化与非磷酸化状态的改变犹如“分子开关”,精细地控制着周期进程和细胞分裂系列事件.周期相关蛋白质的多位点磷酸化机制研究是磷酸化研究的一个热点.本文综合评述细胞周期调控进程中部分重要蛋白的磷酸化修饰机制,总结了近年来细胞周期领域中蛋白质磷酸化修饰方面的新发现、新突破,为进一步深入理解蛋白质磷酸化及细胞周期调控机制提供参考.

The cell cycle is a continuous process of cell division and proliferation,passing down genetic materials from parental generations.Eukaryotic cells complete cell division and proliferation through periodic changes at the protein level,cell cycle disorder is closely related to diseases such as cancer.Protein phosphorylation is a major regulatory modality in the cell cycle,to change molecular structure of proteins,protein interaction with other molecules,and to regulate biological activities/functions of related molecules.Changes in phosphorylation status of cell cycle-related proteins–the so-called“molecular switches”,can finely tune cell cycle progression and cell division.The multisite phosphorylation of cell cycle-related proteins has been extensively studied.A comprehensive review of phosphorylation mechanisms of important proteins in cell cycle regulation is attempted.Novel discoveries and breakthroughs are summarized.