摘要
目的分析长沙市水痘暴发疫情流行特征与处置情况,为针对性开展水痘防控提供参考。方法收集2012—2022年长沙市各区(县、市)疾病预防控制中心上报的水痘暴发疫情流行病学调查与处置资料,对水痘暴发疫情的三间分布特征以及暴发疫情的班级聚集性情况、病例疫苗接种情况、报告时间间隔、疫情规模等暴发处置信息进行分析。结果2012—2022年长沙市共报告水痘暴发疫情101起,报告病例3236例,无死亡病例。10—12月是水痘暴发疫情高发期,报告疫情数占全年的62.38%(63/101)。浏阳市暴发疫情数和发病数占比最高,分别为56.44%(57/101)和53.86%(1743/3236)。暴发疫情发生场所主要为小学,报告疫情数和病例数占比分别为78.22%(79/101)和83.16%(2691/3236)。发生在学校的100起水痘暴发疫情中,聚集性班级占比为13.07%(325/2431),其中托幼机构聚集性班级占比较高(21.51%,37/172);有57起调查了疫苗接种情况,病例疫苗接种率为27.63%(454/1643)。暴发疫情的病例中位数为27(19,38)例,首例病例发病至疫情报告时间间隔中位数为17(8,21)d,疫情持续时间中位数为32(20,49)d。2012—2022年首例病例发病至疫情报告时间间隔和疫情持续时间总体呈增长趋势(Z=2.516、2.606,P均<0.05)。结论长沙市水痘暴发疫情呈先升后降趋势,小学为重点发病场所,病例疫苗接种率较低,疫情报告时间间隔和持续时间总体呈增长趋势,今后应进一步提高疫苗接种率,并提高疫情早期发现能力和报告及时性。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and management of varicella outbreaks in Changsha City for references in following planning targeted prevention and control measures for this prevalence.Methods The data of epidemiological investigation reports and management on varicella outbreaks reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in different districts and counties of Changsha City were collected from 2012 to 2022,and then analyzed regarding the characteristics of temporal,regional and population distribution of chickenpox outbreaks,profile of class aggregation,vaccination coverage,reporting interval,epidemic scale and management procedures.Results From 2012 to 2022,a total of 101 varicella outbreaks were reported in Changsha,with 3236 cases reported.No death occurred.The outbreak peaked between October and December,with reported incidents accounting for 62.38%(63/101)of the year.The incidents and cases were the highest in Liuyang City,accounting for 56.44%(57/101)and 53.86%(1743/3236),respectively.The main place of outbreak was primary school,with 78.22%(79/101)of incidents and 83.16%(2691/3236)of cases reported.Among the 100 outbreaks of varicella the occurred in schools,cluster classes accounted for 13.37%(325/2431),with the highest in kindergarten(21.51%,37/172).In addition,57 outbreaks occurred in schools were investigated for vaccination status,the vaccination coverage was 27.63%(454/1643).The median case number of outbreaks was 27(19,38),and median interval between the onset of the first case and reporting of the outbreak was 17(8,21)days.The median duration of outbreak was 32(20,49)days.The time interval between the onset of the first case and reporting of the epidemic as well as duration of the outbreak presented an increasing trend from 2012 to 2022(Z=2.516,2.606,both P<0.05).Conclusion Outbreaks of varicella in Changsha City tended to fall from initial rising,and generally occurred in primary schools.The vaccination coverage remains relatively lower,and the overall reporting interval and duration of the epidemic indicate an increasing trend.These findings suggest that following efforts should focus on improving vaccination coverage,early diagnosis and timely reporting.
作者
孙坤
胡伟红
周银柱
陈水连
邱劲松
SUN Kun;HUWeihong;ZHOU Yinzhu;CHEN Shuilian;QIU Jinsong(Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha 410000,Hunan Province,China)
出处
《热带病与寄生虫学》
CAS
2024年第1期37-41,共5页
Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology
基金
湖南省卫生健康委科研计划项目(202112051105)。
关键词
水痘
暴发
流行特征
疫情处置
长沙市
Varicella
Outbreak
Epidemic characteristics
Epidemic response
Changsha City