新疆塔吉克族牦牛叼羊“非遗”传承人口述历史研究

On Oral History of Inheritors of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Tajik Yaks Snatching Sheep in Xinjiang

文章运用文献资料法、田野调查法和口述史研究法等研究方法,以新疆维吾尔自治区体育非物质文化遗产牦牛叼羊传承人的口述材料为主要调查对象,赋予“非遗”传承人话语权,回忆其生命历程、从艺之路和难忘经历;以传承人视角解说牦牛叼羊比赛规则、发展现状及传承困境。经整理和分析口述史资料得出:牦牛叼羊技艺的传承主要以家族式传承和师徒传承为主;具有双重身份的“非遗”传承人有着强烈的家国情怀;朴实的言语表达出对祖国的忠诚,对家乡的热爱和对战友的怀念之情;传承人对“非遗”项目的热爱及坚守,对荣誉的珍惜,使其感受到了社会对他们的认可与尊重;口述史以“自下而上”的观察视角,唤醒了“非遗”传承人的身体文化认同,通过在当地实施“体育+”的旅游发展模式,传承人在增加参赛队员及创新表演项目等问题上提出设想,并大胆改革,这对深入开展“文化润疆”工程及对乡村振兴战略实施发挥着积极作用。

By means of literature,field research,oral history research and other research methods,Bijiang Bigwaz,the inheritor of Yak Snatches Sheep,a sports intangible cultural heritage in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,was taken as the main object of investigation to give the inheritor of intangible cultural heritage the right to speak and recall his life course,career path and unforgettable experience;From the perspective of inheritors,explain the rules,development status and inheritance dilemma of the Yak Stealing Goat Competition.By sorting out and analyzing the oral history data,it is concluded that the inheritance of yak's skill of holding sheep is mainly family inheritance and master apprentice inheritance;The inheritors of intangible cultural heritage with dual identities have strong feelings of family and country;The simple words express the loyalty to the motherland,the love of hometown,and the remembrance of comrades in arms;The inheritors'love and adherence to intangible cultural heritage projects and their cherish of honor make them feel the recognition and respect of the society;The oral history,from the perspective of"bottom-up"observation,awakened the body culture identity of the inheritors of intangible cultural heritage.Through the local implementation of the sports+tourism development model,the inheritors put forward ideas and bold reforms on issues such as increasing the number of participants and innovating performance projects,which played a positive role in the in-depth development of the"culture moistening the Xinjiang"project and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.