中国近岸区域微塑料污染的研究进展

Research progress of microplastics pollution in Chinese coastal areas

为全面评估我国近岸微塑料的污染现状,本文综述了我国近岸大气、陆地和海洋不同区域微塑料的采集分离、分析方法、污染分布特征及生态危害等的研究进展,并展望了我国近岸微塑料未来研究方向.研究表明,近岸大气、沉积物和海水均有微塑料的存在,相较于全球其他近岸海域,我国近岸微塑料丰度范围整体上处于中低水平.此外,微塑料及其复合污染物对我国近海生态造成一定危害.我国近岸微塑料在时空分布、源汇格局及生态风险机制方面尚不明确,建议未来在微塑料研究方法标准化的基础上,对微塑料污染进行大范围的长期监测,关注微塑料在大气-陆地-海洋之间的迁移输运,并对微塑料复合暴露的毒理机制及其对人类潜在健康风险等方面进行探索和研究,为我国海洋微塑料污染评估和治理提供参考.

In order to comprehensively assess the microplastic pollution status in Chinese coastal areas,this study summarized the collection and separation methods,quantitative and qualitative analysis,pollution distribution characteristics and ecological hazards of microplastics in different environmental media in Chinese coastal aera,and proposed the future research fields.The results showed that microplastics widely distributed in the coastal atmosphere,sediments as well as seawater.In comparison to other coastal aeras around the world,microplastic pollution status in China was generally at a medium to low level.In addition,microplastics and their combined pollutants posed certain risks to Chinese coastal ecology.The spatio-temporal distribution,source and sink pattern and ecological risk mechanisms of marine microplastics in Chinese coastal aeras are still unclear.On the basis of standardizing research methods for coastal microplastics,it is in need to conduct large-scale and long-term monitoring of microplastic pollution in the future,pay attention to the microplastic migration and transportation among the atmosphere,land,and ocean,and explore the toxicological mechanisms of microplastic and combined pollutants exposure and its potential health risks to humans,providing the reference for the assessment and treatment of marine microplastic pollution in China.