农村人居环境现状分析及提升路径研究

Research on the Present Situation and Improvement Path of Rural Living Environment

农村人居环境整治提升,建设宜居宜业和美乡村是全面推进乡村振兴战略的重要任务,也是实现农村现代化的重要内容。基于10省(区)3712个样本农户的调查数据,研究分析2022年农村生活污水、生活垃圾、厕所革命等领域的现状,以及农村居民对生活垃圾、村庄道路以及村庄生活环境状况的满意度。可以发现:农村生活污水仍以直排为主,占比为53.56%,而且区域差异性明显;农村生活垃圾分类持续推进,村收集率处于高位,进行垃圾分类的农户比例总体上不及50%,但在不断提高,同样呈现明显区域差异;农村厕所革命在高质量推进,但使用效率依然偏低;农村人居环境的满意度较高,仍有较大提升空间。因此,应进一步开展农村人居环境整治状况普查,科学确定农村人居环境整治提升的优先次序,因地制宜地选择农村人居环境整治提升的模式,并建立农村人居环境整治提升的长效机制,高质量推进农村人居环境整治提升,更好地助力宜居宜业和美乡村建设。

The improvement of rural living environment renovation and the construction of beautiful and harmonious countryside that is desirable to live and work in are important tasks to comprehensively promote the rural revitalization strategy,as well as important contents to realize rural modernization.Based on a survey of 3712 farming households in 10 provinces,this study analyzes the basic status of rural domestic sewage,rural domestic waste,toilet revolution,and other fields in 2022,as well as the satisfaction evaluation of rural residents on rural domestic waste,village roads,and rural living environment conditions.It can be found that rural domestic sewage is still mainly discharged directly,accounting for 53.56%,and regional differences are significant.The rural household waste classification continues to advance,and the collection rate in villages is at a high level.The proportion of rural residents who classify rural household waste is generally less than 50%,but it is constantly improving,showing significant regional differences.The revolution of rural toilets requires high-quality promotion,and the efficiency of use is still low.The satisfaction of rural residents with rural living environment is relatively high,and there is still significant room for improvement.Therefore,it is necessary to further carry out a survey of the status of rural living environment improvement,scientifically determine the priority order for rural living environment improvement,choose the mode of rural living environment improvement according to local conditions,and establish a long-term mechanism for rural living environment improvement,promote rural living environment improvement with high quality,and better support the construction of livable,employable and beautiful countryside.