概念:存在和存在者状态——阿多诺对概念另类分析及其启示

Concept:Being and the State of Being——Adorno's Alternative Analysis of the Concept and Its Enlightenment

在哲学研究中,传统的概念分析被束缚在实证科学的框架中,然而对阿多诺来说,哲学使用的概念与实证科学是不同的,哲学概念不是直接与经验要素结合在一起的,哲学概念必须抽象化,但是这个抽象化的概念又必须与经验的东西联系起来。这种联系是在概念的经验运用中发生的,而这种经验运用又必须在思想的自我反思中进行。概念的这种经验的运用使概念获得了存在者状态。而海德格尔在这种存在者状态之外设想了一种存在,好像存在具有原始的命名力量,它能够把概念和概念所涉及的东西直接结合起来。其实存在是一种普遍的中介,它不能脱离被中介者而存在。唯物主义在使用概念的时候必须在辩证法的意义上经验地使用概念。

In philosophical research,traditional conceptual analysis is bound within the framework of positive science.However,for Adorno,the concepts used in philosophy are different from those used in positive science.Philosophical concepts are not directly combined with empirical elements,and philosophical concepts must be abstracted,but the abstracted concepts must be connected with empirical things.And this connection takes place in the empirical application of concepts,which in turn must take place in the self-reflection of thought.This experiential application of the concept makes the concept acquire the state of Beings(Ontic).Heidegger,on the other hand,imagines a state of Being outside this state of Beings,as if Being had a primordial naming power,as if it were capable of directly associating concepts with what they relate to.In fact,Being is a universal medium that cannot exist without the mediation.In using concepts,materialists must use them empirically in a dialectic sense.