论青年马克思的权利观

On Young Marx’s View of Rights

权利问题是马克思早期文本的重要论题。早在大学时期,马克思就曾试图按照康德和费希特的方式建立一种新的法权哲学,但结果以失败告终。《莱茵报》时期,在黑格尔以及青年黑格尔派的影响下,马克思考察了人的自由平等权利问题,阐述了其理性自由主义的权利观。《德法年鉴》时期,马克思又在费尔巴哈的影响下,探究了权利的阶级属性和经济属性,分析了近代政治国家中权利二重化问题及其克服途径。青年马克思的权利观在不同时期深受黑格尔哲学或费尔巴哈人本主义思想的影响,但也包含着共产主义思想的萌芽,并为后来马克思构建历史唯物主义权利观奠定了基础。

The issue of rights is a crucial theme in the early texts of Marx.As early as his university days,Marx attempted to establish a new philosophy of rights following the ideas of Kant and Fichte,but it ultimately ended in failure.During the period of the“Rheinische Zeitung”,influenced by Hegel and the Young Hegelians,Marx examined the question of the free and equal rights of man and articulated his rational-libertarian view of rights.In the“Deutsch-Franz sische Jahrbücher”period,under the influence of Feuerbach,Marx explored the class and economic attributes of rights,and analyzed the problem of the duality of rights and the ways to overcome it in the modern political state.Young Marx’s view of rights was deeply influenced by Hegel’s philosophy or Feuerbach’s humanistic thought at different times,but it also contained the germ of communist thought and laid the foundation for Marx to construct the historical materialist view of rights later.