史语所藏“类家谱”甲骨刻辞新探

New Study of the Genealogy Inscriptions Collected in IHP

自20世纪初以迄今日,“家谱刻辞”的真伪一直是甲骨学界的著名公案,20世纪80年代以来逐渐增多的公开讨论,使得此议题逐步获得厘清。笔者曾目验史语所藏甲骨实物,此次据以进一步复原碎甲,对聚讼已久的家谱刻辞问题再次予以检视,不仅证明了历来受质疑的“子曰”辞例于晚商确实存在,论证了“子曰某”乃是称呼子之名的一种记录,同时也发现刻手在习刻完毕后,存在刮除旧迹、更换方向再行书写的现象。本文为揭示以上文化现象提供了基于实物的理论根据。

Since the beginning of the 20th century,the authentication of the“genealogy inscriptions”has been a contentious issue in the field of Oracle-Bone studies.From the 1980s onwards,there are more and more public discussions,gradually clearing up this issue.Based on my observation of the actual objects in IHP(Institute of History and Philology),I was able to rejoin scattered bone and carapace fragments,and reexamine the issue of“genealogy inscriptions”.I can not only confirm the existence of the zi yue子曰inscriptions in the late Shang(interpreting the zi yue mou子曰某as a record for a name),but also find that after practicing,carvers would shave off traces of former inscriptions after carving,and after changing direction,continue inscribing.This paper provides a theoretical explanation based on the actual objects for the discussion of the above phenomena.