生态环境风险预防原则的法律构造及其功能阐释

Legal Structure of Ecological Environmental Risk Prevention Principle and Its Functional Interpretation

当前学界对生态环境风险预防原则的界定大多与环境损害预防相区分,予以狭义的界定。这将会导致生态环境立法的不连贯性和不系统性。生态环境风险预防原则应包含现行环境法所规定的预防原则及德国环境法所不予考虑的“剩余风险”。根据“风险”的可靠性、紧迫性和科学性,生态环境风险预防应当进行广义阐释,包括“危险阻止”“风险预防”“未来预警”。生态环境风险预防原则应分为三层法律构造,即生态环境损害“危险”预防、可预见性的风险预防和科学不确定性的风险预防。生态环境风险预防原则具有三种不同功能,即价值性功能、概括性功能和具体性功能。功能是横坐标,构造是纵坐标,二者相交便构成了生态环境风险预防原则在生态环境法规范中的表达。

The current academic definition of the principle of ecological environment risk prevention is mostly distinguished from that of environmental damage prevention,and is narrowly defined.This will lead to incoherent and unsystematic legislation on the ecological environment.The principle of ecological environment risk prevention should include the prevention principles stipulated by current environmental laws and the“residual risks”not considered by German environmental laws.Based on the reliability,urgency,and scientificity of“risk”,ecological environment risk prevention should be broadly interpreted,including“hazard prevention”,“risk prevention”,and“future warning”.The principle of ecological environment risk prevention should be divided into three legal structures,namely the prevention of“danger”of ecological environment damage,foreseeable risk prevention,and scientific uncertainty risk prevention.The principle of ecological environment risk prevention has three different functions,namely value function,general function,and specific function.The function is the horizontal axis,and the construction is the vertical axis.The intersection of the two forms the expression of the principle of ecological environment risk prevention in the norms of ecological environment law.