我国个人数据利用的互惠性信任机理

The Reciprocal Logic and Trust Mechanization of Personal Data Utilization in China

“知情—同意”制度是个人信息进入数据使用和流通场景的主要环节。该制度目前并未理顺个人数据利用关系,主要原因在于其调和数据主体和数据控制者以及后者之间的数据利益矛盾并不理想。“个人信息权保护”这一当下重要的法解释学范式也没有对此给出必要的理论回应。数据主体人格利益与数据控制者经济利益之间的协调,需要在规范和制度层面有效兼顾个人信息安全、数据效益发展和数据收益公平分配这三项法律价值。并且从根本上看,要顺应促进效率的现实需要,因循产权配置逻辑来解释、调整制度安排和运作以实现互利共赢是不够的。“互惠性个人数据利用观念”以互惠性个人数据法律价值体系及其信任机制作为数据法律规范的道德正当性基础,明确个人数据“核心利益”概念和互惠性价值融贯逻辑,以此克服互利性产权配置逻辑局限于具体法益及其规范力不足的缺憾。它运用“个人数据信托”法律解释方法探究“知情—同意”制度和数据法规范之义务条款的互惠性信义,并尤为关注各类数据利用场景下个人数据收益的公平分配方式。

At present,the informed-consent utilization system is the main link of Chinese citizens' personal information entering the scene of data use and circulation.The system does not currently regulate the use of personal data.Through the method of interests reduction,it can be seen that the main reason is that it is not ideal to reconcile the conflict of data interests between the data subject and the data controller.The legal hermeneutic models of“protection of personal information right”do not respond properly from the theoretical level.On the one hand,they do not realize that to meet the personal interests and economic interests of data subjects and data controllers respectively,it is necessary to effectively take into account the three legal values of personal information security,data benefit development and fair distribution of data benefits at the normative and institutional levels.On the other hand,it fundamentally starts from the promotion of efficiency,explains and adjusts the system arrangement and operation according to the logic of property rights allocation to achieve mutual benefits and win-win situation.The conception of reciprocal personal data utilization explores the reciprocal legal values system of personal data and its trust mechanism,which is the moral basis of our country s data legal norms.It also puts forward the concept of“core interest”of personal data and the reciprocal logic of value convergence,in order to overcome the logic of mutual benefits and property rights allocation,which is limited to specific legal interests and insufficient normative force.It uses the interpretation method of the personal data trust to explore the reciprocal trust of the informed-consent utilization system and the obligations of the data law,and pays special attention to the fair distributions of personal data benefits under various data utilization scenarios.