地方知识的生产——美国中镇田野调查过程回顾

人类学地方知识的生产是一个过程。选择田野调查地点是开端,以既有的学术联系作为基础开启新的社会联系。参与观察是整个人类学田野调查的基础。研究者需要通过公共活动进入田野,以自己的付出和行动获得地方的人格,并且住在当地人家里,来获得对当地人日常生活更为切近的观察,建立私人联系,进行更为紧密深入的交流。基于参与观察的田野日记是民族志的重要材料来源。在参与观察的基础上确立访谈对象与访谈内容,并在整理笔记的过程中进一步调整研究思路。搜集地方资料也与参与观察相关,通过对一些活动的参与,与当地学者互动,了解地方资料的情况并进行查阅。地方知识并不是理所当然的,最终在文化比较和翻译中产生。

The production of local knowledge is a process.Making choice of the fieldwork location is a starting point based on the existing academic connections to build new social relations.Participant observa⁃tion is the foundation of the whole fieldwork.The ethnographer entered the field through public activities and pursued the local personality on one’s contributions and actions.And the ethnographer lived at the home of local people to observe their daily life more closely,build private rela⁃tionships and have more close and deep communications.Field notes re⁃sulted from the participant observation are the important sources of the ethnography.The interviews are also decided and helped through by the participant observation.The research plan will be revised when the field notes are taken.Local data is related to the participant observation which helps interact with local scholars and explore local resources.Local knowledge does not exist naturally but is produced in the cultural com⁃parison and translation.