面向发达社会的海外民族志之知识生产——基于法国田野的再思考

中国人类学在面向发达社会的“向上”研究中,所面临的最大“方法困境”在于,如何确定其知识生产的方向,以发掘对中国学界与中国社会有价值的实践知识与理论知识。在有关发达社会的民族志调查中,中国人类学者需要探究“成品社会”及其知识体系的结构化过程,需要发掘西方发达社会内在的多样性,需要理解其复杂实践背后的制度脉络,需要剖析诸多细节背后的制度理性,也需要发现理念与实践之间的偏离。

The biggest“methodological dilemma”facing Chinese anthropology in its“upward”studies on developed societies is how to de⁃termine the direction of its knowledge production in order to discover practical and theoretical knowledge,valuable to the Chinese academy and Chinese society.In the ethnographic fieldwork of developed societies,Chinese anthropologists need to explore the structuring process of“finished societies”and their knowledge systems,to discover the inher⁃ent diversity of Western developed societies,to understand the institu⁃tional veins behind their complex practices,to analyze the institutional rationality behind the details,and to discover the deviation between con⁃cept and practice.