不同施用模式下脱硫石膏对苏打型盐碱地改良效果研究

Study on the Improvement Effect of Desulphurization Gypsum on Soda-type Saline-alkali Soil under Different Application Modes

以玉米为指示作物,开展了脱硫石膏不同施用量及施用方式改良盐碱地研究。设窄垄间平铺旋耕(PS)、窄垄间沟施(GS)、窄垄两侧沟施(CS)等3种施用方式,22.50、15.00、7.50、5.25和3.00 t/hm^(2)共5个施用梯度。结果表明,土壤含盐量以GS处理7.50 t/hm^(2)的梯度降低效果最好,降低了46.2%,其次是15.00 t/hm^(2)梯度,降低了45.9%,2种处理与其他处理间差异显著;土壤pH、碱化度改良效果均以GS处理22.50 t/hm^(2)梯度最好,与15.00、7.50 t/hm^(2)梯度无显著差异;土壤容重以GS处理22.50 t/hm^(2)梯度下降幅度最大,降幅达到26.7%;在出苗率上,5.25 t/hm^(2)梯度表现为CS>GS>PS,其余梯度均表现为GS>CS>PS,梯度间以22.50 t/hm^(2)出苗率最高,GS处理22.50、15.00、7.50 t/hm^(2)梯度间出苗率均无显著差异,与其他2个梯度差异显著;产量表现为GS处理7.50 t/hm^(2)梯度最高,达到11572.5 kg/hm^(2),与其他梯度产量差异显著。综合其耕层土壤指标、玉米出苗率及产量表现,脱硫石膏最佳施用方法及施用量为窄垄沟施7.50 t/hm^(2)。

With Maize as the indicator crop,the different application amounts and application methods of desul⁃furized gypsum in improving saline-alkali land were studied.Three application methods of narrow ridge flat rotary tillage(PS),narrow ridge furrow application(GS)and narrow ridge furrow application(CS)were set up,and five appli⁃cation gradients of 22.50,15.00,7.50,5.25 and 3.00 t/hm^(2)were set up.The results showed that the gradient of 7.50 t/hm^(2)of GS treatment had the best effect on reducing soil salt content,which was reduced by 46.2%,followed by the gradient of 15.00 t/hm^(2),which was reduced by 45.9%.The two treatments were significantly different from oth⁃er treatments.The improvement effect of soil pH and alkalinity was the best in the 22.50 t/hm^(2)gradient of GS treat⁃ment,which was not significantly different from the 15.00 and 7.50 t/hm^(2)gradients.The soil bulk density of GS treatment with 22.50 t/hm^(2)gradient decreased the most,with a decrease of 26.7%.In terms of seedling emergence rate,the gradient of 5.25 t/hm^(2)was CS>GS>PS,and the other gradients were GS>CS>PS.The seedling emer⁃gence rate of 22.50 t/hm^(2)was the highest among the gradients.There was no significant difference in the seedling emergence rate of 22.50,15.00 and 7.50 t/hm^(2)in GS treatment,which was significantly different from the other two gradients.The yield of GS treatment was the highest at 7.50 t/hm^(2)gradient,reaching 11572.5 kg/hm^(2),which was significantly different from that of other gradients.Based on the soil index,maize emergence rate and yield perfor⁃mance,the best application method and application amount of desulfurized gypsum were 7.50 t/hm^(2).