教育:引导灵魂转向的技艺——基于对“洞穴隐喻”的解读

Education:The Art of Guiding the Soul to Turn--Based on the Interpretation of“Cave Metaphor”

柏拉图在《理想国》中探讨的核心问题是“什么是正义”,他从“理想国”的思想建构引申出培养城邦统治者的教育问题。通过文本细读的方法对“洞穴隐喻”进行深入解读,发现教育的基础条件在于灵魂自身具有的德性;教育的本质内涵在于引导灵魂转向,实现灵魂的超越和完善;同时由“哲学王悖论”问题的探讨揭示人的存在始终具有二重性。借此审视现代教育,发现现代教育存在灵魂转向与物欲解放的价值倒转问题;现代教育承担着协调人的个体性存在与社会性存在之间永恒张力的使命;现代教育正在逐渐从引导灵魂转向走向视界的融合。

The core issue explored by Plato in“The Republic”is what justice is,and he extended the issue of education in cultivating rulers of city-states from the ideological construction of the“Republic”.Through a close reading of the text,a thorough interpretation of the“cave metaphor”reveals that the fundamental condition of education lies in the virtue possessed by the soul itself;The essence of education lies in guiding the soul to turn and achieving the transcendence and perfection of the soul;At the same time,the exploration of the“philosophical king paradox”reveals that human existence always has duality.Taking this opportunity to examine modern education,it is found that there is a problem of soul turning and value reversal of material liberation in modern education;Modern education bears the mission of coordinating the eternal tension between individual existence and social existence of human beings;Modern education is gradually shifting from guiding the soul towards a fusion of horizons.