智能合约风险研判与法律规制策略

Risk Assessment and Legal Regulation Strategy of Smart Contracts

区块链智能合约日渐普及,衍生出一些法律风险。对于智能合约的法律属性,主流观点认为应当将其认定为合同。智能合约去中心化、公开透明、自动履行、匿名性等特点所引致法律风险凸显于限制当事人私法意思、引发当事人交易安全、监管治理缺位等方面。寻求技术与法律的双向互动,加快建立区块链智能合约技术开发统一标准、推广智能合约模版,明确区块链平台提供者的审查义务与监管责任、推行实名制,完善私钥保护等法律制度,建立多方共治监管制度,有助于减少对智能合约合法性的质疑,推动区块链技术在更广泛的领域蓬勃发展。

Blockchain smart contracts have become increasingly popular and have given rise to some legal risks.With respect to the legal nature of smart contracts,the mainstream view is that they should be identified as contracts.The legal risks arising from the characteristics of smart contracts such as decentralization,openness and transparency,automatic performance and anonymity highlight restrictions of the private law intention of the parties,triggering transaction safety of the parties,and absence of regulatory governance.Seeking two-way interaction between technology and law,accelerating the establishment of unified standards for the development of blockchain smart contract technology,promoting smart contract templates,clarifying the examination obligation and regulatory responsibility of blockchain platform providers,implementing the real-name system,improving legal systems such as private key protection,and establishing a multi-party co-governance regulatory system,which is conducive to reducing the doubt on the legality of smart contracts and promoting the vigorous development of blockchain technology in more extensive fields.