十九世纪中叶美国移民的来源、特点及影响——以1845年至1854年为限

Sources,Characteristics,and Impact of Immigration to the United States in the Mid-Nineteenth Century-From 1845 to 1854

十九世纪中叶特别是1845年至1854年间的爱尔兰裔与德裔移民潮是美国历史上的第一次大规模移民潮。英国的经济与宗教迫害、饥荒所带来的贫困问题是这一时期爱尔兰人移民的主要原因,土地稀缺、人地矛盾的激化是德国人移民的主要原因,贫困是这些移民的最大特点。因为贫困、信仰等问题这些移民不被接纳,引发了一系列的连锁反应,排外主义在此时到达了第一次高潮,对美国的政治格局产生了深远的影响。

The wave of Irish and German immigrants in the mid-19th century,particularly between 1845 and 1854,was the first major wave of immigration in American history.The economic and religious persecution in Britain,as well as the poverty caused by famine,were the main reasons for Irish immigration during this period,the scarcity of land and the intensification of human-land conflicts were the main reasons for German immigration,and poverty was the biggest characteristic of these immigrants.Due to issues such as poverty and faith,these immigrants were not accepted,triggering a series of chain reactions and exclusivism reached its first peak at this time and had a profound impact on the political landscape of the United States.