中国西部小说英译中的变异现象研究——以葛浩文翻译中的犹太视角为中心

A Study of the Variations in English Translation of Novels About Western China-Centered on the Jewish Perspective in Howard Goldblatt’s Translation

葛浩文笔下的中国西部小说英译本从“西部气质的理性化变异”“西部空间的同质化变异”与“西部时间的停滞化变异”三个层面呈现出“单向度的中国西部小说”变异特征。变异途径方面,葛浩文善于通过归化的翻译策略、改译的翻译方法、“以我言他”的转换翻译技巧完成中国西部小说的变异处理,实现译者意图对于原文信息的替代与填充。通过对葛浩文英译中国西部小说的变异特征、变异途径进行考察,发现其笔下中国西部气质的理性化变异原因根植于犹太教性别文化与犹太文学叙事传统;西部空间的同质化变异原因来自于美国犹太族裔的“故土情结”与“寻根焦虑”,暗含着对后工业化时代美国“钢铁丛林”的控诉;西部时间的停滞化变异原因来自于对美国阶级矛盾的婉转揭示。总之,葛译中国西部小说的变异现象本质是美国犹太裔译者通过翻译手段对他国文学进行变异改写,从而实现犹太族裔参与构建美国文化共同体的婉转尝试。

The English translations of novels about Western China by Howard Goldblatt exhibit the characteristics of“one-dimensional variation of novels about Western China”from three aspects of“rational variation of Western temperament”,“homogenization variation of Western space”and“stagnation variation of Western time”.In terms of the ways of variation,Goldblatt is good at handling the variation of novels about Western China through domestication translation strategies,variation translation methods,and shift translation technique“I speak for him”,achieving the translator’s intention to replace and fill in the original information.Reviewing the variation characteristics and pathways of Goldblatt’s translation,we can find that the rational variation of the temperament of Western China in his works is rooted in the gender culture of Judaism and the narrative tradition of Jewish literature.The homogenization variation of Western space comes from the“homeland complex”and“root-seeking anxiety”of American Jews,implying accusations against the“steel jungle”of the postindustrial era in the United States.The reason for the stagnation variation of Western time comes from the subtle revelation of American class contradictions.In short,the essence of the variation phenomenon in Goldblatt’s translation is that American Jewish translators use translation techniques to modify and rewrite literature from other countries,thereby achieving a tactful attempt Jewish community’s participation in the construction of the American cultural community.