浅析马克思辩证法理论的“合理形态”

An Analysis of the“Rational Form”of Marx’s Dialectics

在《资本论》中,马克思对黑格尔“神秘形式”辩证法的唯心主义实质进行了批判,他把“合理内核”部分与唯心主义哲学进行区分,将辩证法与实践联系在一起,形成了马克思“合理形态”辩证法。黑格尔辩证法存在一定的缺陷,马克思通过对黑格尔辩证法进行“颠倒”,从而对其实现了超越,马克思“合理形态”辩证法的形式可以分为主体辩证法、否定辩证法、实践辩证法。这种“合理形态”辩证法的意义在于帮助人们正确认识世界,理解批判与运动的内在统一,实现理论与实践的互相协调,有利于促进马克思主义哲学特别是辩证法的中国化、大众化。

In Das Kapital,Marx criticizes the idealistic essence of Hegel’s dialectic of“mystical forms”,distinguishing the“rational kernel”from idealism philosophy,combining dialectics with practice,forming Marx’s dialectics of“rational form”.There are some defects in Hegel’s dialectics.Marx transcends Hegel’s dialectics by“reversing”it,the forms of Marx’s dialectics of“rational form”can be divided into subjective dialectics,negative dialectics and practical dialectics.The significance of this“rational form”dialectics lies in helping people to understand the world correctly,to understand the inner unity of criticism and movement,and to realize the coordination between theory and practice,and to promote the Sinicization and popularisation of Marxist philosophy,especially dialectics.